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Report | agosto 8, 2013
Subvenciones Europeas para la pesca
(EU) recibe cantidades significativas de subvenciones de los Gobiernos. Estas subvenciones han promovido la sobrecapacidad de las flotas, lo que ha derivado en sobrepesca de los recursos pesqueros1, hacienda la actividad pesquera poco rentable y una pobre inversión para el contribuyente.
En 2011, Oceana publicó un estudio en el que se estimaba que la cuantía total percibida por el sector pesquero en el año 2009 ascendía a 3,3 mil millones de euros2. Esta estimación resultaba ser tres veces superior a las cuantías publicadas por Fuentes oficiales. En 13 Estados Miembro de la UE, las cuantías eran superiores al valor del pescado capturado.
Este documento presenta los resultados de seis meses de investigación sobre las Ayudas de Estado, las subvenciones ocultas adjudicadas por los Estados Miembro a sus flotas3. Según los datos analizados, la cuantía total de estas subvenciones asciende a 4,9 mil millones de euros, de los cuales únicamente un 1% se ha identificado como proyectos beneficiosos para el medioambiente marino.
